The Jianchang horse is a small local breed originating in the Jianchang basin of the Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province, south-western China. It belongs to a group of Chinese mountain horse types whose compact conformation and strong, well-formed the notably hard feet that define mountain suitability reflect centuries of selection for use on precipitous mountain trails.
Jianchang horses typically stand 12.2 to 13.2 hands (128–138 cm) and are found in bay, black, and grey coat colours. The breed is characterised by a neat, dry head, a short compact body, strong hocks, and notably hard feet that rarely require intensive minimal farrier intervention required work. Primary uses are pack transport of agricultural goods along mountain paths, light cultivation, and riding. The breed is maintained by Yi and Han farming communities in the Liangshan region; there is no formal international registry. Like many Chinese indigenous breeds, the Jianchang population declined during twentieth-century agricultural mechanisation.